Exercise in pregnancy is essential, firstly because exercise promotes better health and well-being, and secondly because it may also afford some empowerment to women whose pregnancy is compromised in some way. Exercise is something that everyone needs; even women on complete bed rest can do some forms of exercise, and anything that would be a part of a "normal" pregnancy should be adapted and incorporated into the higher-risk pregnancy. Women on bed rest benefit from exercise not only on a physical level (increased blood flow, oxygenation of muscles) but also psychologically by the release of endorphins.

Endorphins are hormones released into the system in response to increased activity, almost like a reward. Endorphins cross the placental barrier and are thought to increase fetal well-being. Exercise may further enhance fetal well-being when the increased movement excites the fetus, causing it to move as well, thereby increasing fetal muscle tone.

Exercise provides an opportunity to focus on the body doing something under our own control. Controlling one's body reinforces feelings of adequacy and self esteem, something that is often sacrificed in an effort to ensure fetal well-being. For example, while a woman on complete bed rest may not be able to walk to get her legs limber, she can usually have massage therapy(*). Physical activity of any kind is very important in reducing the incidence of deep vein thrombosis, which can occur if movement is restricted. Restricted movement also promotes calcium loss, decreased motility, muscle atrophy, joint pain, glucose intolerance, decreased lung capacity and possibly decreased circulation. Postpartum, the lack of exercise can result in decreased pelvic floor tone, a condition that leads to incontinence.

Couples can perform exercises together, providing the partner with an opportunity to offer encouragement as well as support. It also reinforces the connection between the couple—they each are made more aware of the others' capabilities and compromises.

* As always, please check with your caregiver first before embarking on these exercises.